Joseph was the son of William and Elizabeth Bailey (née Stoneystreet).
His father William was born in Nottingham in about 1869. His mother Elizabeth was born in Burton on Trent, Staffordshire, in 1872 (bap. May 1872), the daughter of Thomas and Louisa Alice Stoneystreet.
William and Elizabeth were married at Nottingham Holy Trinity on 25 December 1890 and had had ten children by 1911, only six of whom had survived infancy. All the children were born in Nottingham: William Thomas b. 1892 bap. Nottingham St Andrew 1892, Florence b. 1893 d. 1893, Joseph b. 1894 d. 1895, Joseph b. 14 July 1896, Gertrude b. 1897 d. 1898, Elizabeth b. 1898 d. 1899, Francis b. 1900, Thomas b. 1902, Cyril b. 1904 and Elizabeth Ann (Hannah) b. 1905. The couple probably had two more children, Amos in 1911 (d. 1911) and Louisa in 1916 (birth registrations Bailey, mother's maiden name Stoneystreet).
William and Elizabeth were living on Huntingdon Street, Nottingham, when their first child William was baptised in 1892. However, by 1901 William, a core maker (iron foundry) and his wife were living at 1 Bobbers Mill with their three surviving children William, Joseph (5) and Francis. Also in the household was a lodger, William Shipstone, who was employed as a night watchman by Nottingham Corporation.
The family had moved to 33 Fisher Street, Hyson Green, by 1911. Only five of their six surviving children were in the home on the night of the census: Joseph who was working in an iron foundry, Francis, Thomas, Cyril and Hannah (sic). Also in the household was a lodger, Joseph Truman who was a lace dresser.
William and Elizabeth had another son, Amos, later that year who died soon after birth and a daughter Louisa five years later in 1916.
William and Elizabeth were living at 30 Randall Street, Hyson Green, when Joseph was killed in 1916 and this was also the address given on the later CWGC record.
The 1921 Census (full transcript not sighted) recorded William and Elizabeth living with Louisa and 'three others', probably three of their older children.